Chapter 3 Notes | Physics 1st Year

“Motion and Force”

Index:

1. Motion
2. Displacement
3. Velocity
4. Average Velocity
5. Instantaneous Velocity
6. Acceleration
7. Average Acceleration
8. Instantaneous Acceleration
9. Uniform Acceleration
10. Review of Equations of Uniformly Accelerated Motion
11. Acceleration due to Gravity
12. Newton’s Laws of Motion
13. Momentum
14. Impulse
15. Isolated System
16. Laws of Conservation of Momentum
17. Collision
18. Elastic Collision in one Dimension
19. Force due to Water Flow
20. Momentum and Explosive Forces
21. Rocket Propulsion
22. Projectile Motion
23. Applications to Ballistic Missiles

See Also: 1st Year Paper Scheme 2021

See Also: 2nd Year Paper Scheme 2021

Key Points:

1. Displacement is the change in the position of a body from its initial position to its final position.
2. Average velocity is the average rate at which displacement vector changes with time.
3. Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a particular instant of time. When the time interval, over which the average velocity is measured, approaches zero, the average velocity becomes equal; to the instantaneous velocity at that instant.
4. Average acceleration is the ratio of the change in velocity Δv that occurs within time interval Δt to that time interval.
5. Instantaneous acceleration is the acceleration at a particular instant of time. It is the value obtained from the average acceleration as time interval Δt is made smaller and smaller, approaching zero
6. The slope of velocity-time graph at any instant represents the instantaneous acceleration at that time.
7. The area between velocity-time graph and the time axis is numerically equal to the distance covered by the object.
8. Freely falling is a body moving under the influence of gravity alone.
9. Newton’s Law of Motion
   1. 1st Law: The velocity Of an Object will be content at any face on it is zero
   2. 2nd Law: an object gains momentum in the direction of applied force, and the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the magnitude of force.
   3. 3rd Law: when two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite force on each other for the same length of time, and so receive equal and opposite impulses.
10. The momentum of an object is the product of its mass and velocity.
11. The impulse provided by a force is the product of force and time for which it acts. It equals change in momentum of the object.
12. For any isolated system, the total momentum remains constant. The momentum of all bodies in a system and up to the same total momentum at all time.
13. Elastic Collisions Conserve Both momentum and kinetic Energy. In elastic Collision, Some of the energy is transferred by heating and dissipation forces such as friction, air resistance and viscosity, so increasing the internal energy of nearby objects.